This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth
muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical …

“Frailty” is a term used to refer to a state characterized by enhanced vulnerability to, and
impaired recovery from, stressors compared with a nonfrail state, which is increasingly …

Flowing blood generates a frictional force called shear stress that has major effects on
vascular function. Branches and bends of arteries are exposed to complex blood flow …

Major reactive oxygen species (ROS)–producing systems in vascular wall include NADPH
(reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase, xanthine oxidase …

Blood vessels are exposed to multiple mechanical forces that are exerted on the vessel wall
(radial, circumferential and longitudinal forces) or on the endothelial surface (shear stress) …

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are exposed to hemodynamic forces, which modulate EC
functions and vascular biology/pathobiology in health and disease. The flow patterns and …

Endothelium lining the cardiovascular system is highly sensitive to hemodynamic shear
stresses that act at the vessel luminal surface in the direction of blood flow. Physiological …

Although the entire coronary tree is exposed to the atherogenic effect of the systemic risk
factors, atherosclerotic lesions form at specific arterial regions, where low and oscillatory …

Low and oscillatory wall shear stress is widely assumed to play a key role in the initiation
and development of atherosclerosis. Indeed, some studies have relied on the low shear …

Background—Atherosclerotic lesions are predominantly observed in curved arteries and
near side branches, where low or oscillatory shear stress patterns occur, suggesting a …