The hippocampus provided the gateway into much of what we have learned about stress
and brain structural and functional plasticity, and this initial focus has expanded to other …

Stress is a state of the mind, involving both brain and body as well as their interactions; it
differs among individuals and reflects not only major life events but also the conflicts and …

The brain is the central organ for adaptation to experiences, including stressors, which are
capable of changing brain architecture as well as altering systemic function through …

Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and the neurotrophin nerve growth factor
(NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are important for the survival …

As the central organ of stress and adaptation to stressors, the brain plays a pivotal role in
behavioral and physiological responses that may lead to successful adaptation or to …

Nerve growth factor (NGF) was discovered in the early 1950s due to its trophic (survival-and
growth-promoting) effects on sensory and sympathetic neurons (Levi-Montalcini and …

The brain and body need to adapt constantly to changing social and physical environments.
A key mechanism for this adaptation is the 'stress response', which is necessary and not …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a small dimeric protein, structurally related to
nerve growth factor, which is abundantly and widely expressed in the adult mammalian …

This review focuses on the remodeling of brain circuitry associated with epilepsy, particularly
in excitatory glutamate and inhibitory GABA systems, including alterations in synaptic …

Discoveries concerning the molecular mechanisms of cell differentiation and development
have dictated the definition of a new sub-discipline of genetics known as epigenetics …