The study of individual behavioral variation, sometimes called animal personalities or
behavioral types, is now a well-established area of research in behavioral ecology and …

An exciting area in behavioural ecology focuses on understanding why animals exhibit
consistent among-individual differences in behaviour (animal personalities). Animal …

Research on growing American political polarization and antipathy primarily studies public
institutions and political processes, ignoring private effects, including strained family ties …

Growing interest in proximate and ultimate causes and consequences of between‐and
within‐individual variation in labile components of the phenotype–such as behaviour or …

Personality differences are a widespread phenomenon throughout the animal kingdom. Past
research has focused on the characterization of such differences and a quest for their …

The discovery that an individual may be constrained, and even behave sub‐optimally,
because of its personality type has fundamental implications for understanding individual‐to …

I outline how understanding the mechanism of behavioural plasticity is important for
predicting how organisms will respond to rapidly changing and novel environments. I define …

The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis specifies that closely related species or
populations experiencing different ecological conditions should differ in a suite of metabolic …

Individual animals frequently exhibit repeatable differences from other members of their
population, differences now commonly referred to as 'animal personality'. Personality …

The five-factor model (FFM) of personality variation has been replicated across a range of
human societies, suggesting the FFM is a human universal. However, most studies of the …