Extracellular vesicles are produced by species across all domains of life, suggesting that
vesiculation represents a fundamental principle of living matter. In Gram-negative bacteria …

Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that
contain components from their mother cells. Bacterial EVs are similar in size to mammalian …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-derived lipid bilayers secreted by bacteria and
eukaryotic cells. Bacterial membrane vesicles were discovered over 60 years ago and have …

Bacterial cells communicate with host cells and other bacteria through the release of
membrane vesicles known as bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEV). BEV are established …

All bacteria produce secreted vesicles that carry out a variety of important biological
functions. These extracellular vesicles can improve adaptation and survival by relieving …

Staphylococcus aureus generates and releases extracellular vesicles (EVs) that package
cytosolic, cell-wall associated, and membrane proteins, as well as glycopolymers and …

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are 20-to 200-nm secreted packages of lipids,
small molecules, and proteins that contribute to diverse bacterial processes. In plant …

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterium but also a commensal of skin and anterior
nares in humans. As S. aureus transits from skins/nares to inside the human body, it …

Every single cell can communicate with other cells in a paracrine manner via the production
of nano-sized extracellular vesicles. This phenomenon is conserved between prokaryotic …

Summary Extracellular vesicles are small (~ 50–200 nm diameter) membrane‐bound
structures released by cells from all domains of life. While vesicles are abundant in the …