The question of whether men and women differ in their ability to smell has been the topic of
scientific investigation for over a hundred years. Although conflicting findings abound, most …

In the CNS, there are widespread and diverse interactions between growth factors and
estrogen. Here we examine the interactions of estrogen and brain-derived neurotrophic …

Beyond the key role in reproductive and cognitive functions, estrogens have been shown to
protect against neurodegeneration associated with acute and chronic injuries of the adult …

This article provides a succinct overview of sex differences in epilepsy and putative
molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in seizure susceptibility in chemical …

The expression of aromatase, the enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of estrogens from
precursor androgens, is increased in the brain after injury, suggesting that aromatase may …

It is clear from both clinical observations of women, and research in laboratory animals, that
gonadal hormones exert a profound influence on neuronal excitability, seizures, and …

The extent that status epilepticus (SE), but also brief seizures, affects neuronal structure and
function has been the subject of much clinical and experimental research. There is a …

Seizures do not occur randomly. They tend to cluster in the majority of men and women with
epilepsy. Seizure clusters, in turn, often show a periodicity. When the periodicity of seizure …

Neuroprotection is increasingly considered as a promising therapy for preventing and
treating temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The development of chronic TLE, also termed as …

Purpose To extend our knowledge and practical application of the concept of catamenial
epilepsy. Methods The review focuses on the impact of the NIH Progesterone Trial on our …