On 10 September 2017, some of the strongest solar activity occurred in association with
active region 12673 (AR2673), including an X‐class solar flare and a fast coronal mass …

The accumulation of detailed ion flux measurements from long-lived spacecraft orbiting the
solar system's terrestrial planets have enabled recent studies to estimate the rate of solar …

We report on the in‐flight performance of the Solar Wind Ion Analyzer (SWIA) and
observations of the Mars‐solar wind interaction made during the Mars Atmosphere and …

Coupling between the lower and upper atmosphere, combined with loss of gas from the
upper atmosphere to space, likely contributed to the thin, cold, dry atmosphere of modern …

The habitability of the surface of any planet is determined by a complex evolution of its
interior, surface, and atmosphere. The electromagnetic and particle radiation of stars drive …

We present the results of an initial effort to statistically map the fluxes of planetary ions on a
closed surface around Mars. Choosing a spherical shell~ 1000 km above the planet, we …

The presence or absence of a magnetic field determines the nature of how a planet interacts
with the solar wind and what paths are available for atmospheric escape. Magnetospheres …

Using over 6 years of magnetic field data (October 2014–December 2020) collected by the
Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN, we conduct a statistical study on the three …

The Martian ionosphere originates from the ionization of the planetary neutral atmosphere
by solar radiation. This conductive layer is embedded within the thermosphere and …

Abstract We study the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution spacecraft observations of
Martian planetary ion escape during two time periods: 11 November 2014 to 19 March 2015 …