Salivarian trypanosomes are single cell extracellular parasites that cause infections in a
wide range of hosts. Most pathogenic infections worldwide are caused by one of four major …

Humans can survive bloodstream infection by African trypanosomes, owing to the activity of
serum complexes that have efficient trypanosome-killing ability. The two trypanosome …

ApolipoproteinL1 (APOL1) protects humans and some primates against several African
trypanosomes. APOL1 genetic variants strongly associated with kidney disease in African …

Reduced susceptibility to infectious disease can increase the frequency of otherwise
deleterious alleles. In populations of African ancestry, two apolipoprotein-L1 (APOL1) …

The diseases caused by African trypanosomes (AT) are of both medical and veterinary
importance and have adversely influenced the economic development of sub-Saharan …

African trypanosomes are responsible for important diseases of humans and animals in sub-
Saharan Africa. The best-studied species is Trypanosoma brucei, which is characterized by …

Apolipoprotein L-1 (APOL1), the trypanolytic factor of human serum, can lyse several African
trypanosome species including Trypanosoma brucei brucei, but not the human-infective …

Recently evolved alleles of Apolipoprotein L-1 (APOL1) provide increased protection
against African trypanosome parasites while also significantly increasing the risk of …

Parasites, including African trypanosomes, utilize several immune evasion strategies to
ensure their survival and completion of their life cycles within their hosts. The defense factors …

African trypanosomes are vector-borne protozoa, which cause significant human and animal
disease across sub-Saharan Africa, and animal disease across Asia and South America. In …