With the development of real-time precise clock and orbit products, high-precision real-time
ionospheric products have become one of the most critical resources for real-time single …

It is important to confirm the accuracy and reliability of commonly used ionosphere models
climatologically. In this contribution, International Global Navigation Satellite System Global …

This chapter describes the concepts of differential global navigation satellite system
(DGNSS) positioning focusing on practical details given that the fundamental concepts have …

The precise description of the topside ionosphere using an ionospheric empirical model has
always been a work in progress. The NeQuick topside model is greatly enhanced by …

Context. When a microwave passes through the ionosphere, it produces ionospheric
refraction and path bending, leading to changes in frequency and reducing the accuracy of …

In this paper, we propose a solution of designing a topside broadcast ionospheric model to
enable the future low earth orbit (LEO) navigation augmentation (LEO-NA) services …

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) can provide dual-frequency observation data,
which can be used to effectively calculate total electron content (TEC). Numerical studies …

The GNSS measurements are strongly affected by ionospheric effects, due to the signal
propagation through ionosphere; these effects could severely degrade the position; hence, a …

Modelling of tropospheric delay has a crucial place in the Global Navigation Satellite System
(GNSS) as well as atmospheric and space research. Until now, many different modelling put …

The focus of this chapter is on the models for positioning. Since the global navigation
satellite system (GNSS) observation equations are nonlinear in the position coordinates, the …