Soil flooding creates composite and complex stress in plants known as either submergence
or waterlogging stress depending on the depth of the water table. In nature, these stresses …

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) has become popular as a practical solution for food
insecurity in the face of climate change. This paper aims to review the challenges and …

Climate change poses significant challenges to agriculture, with serious impacts on
smallholder farmers' food security and livelihoods. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is being …

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is increasingly important for advancing rural development
and environmental sustainability goals in developing countries. Over the past decade, the …

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is an important discourse among national governments in
Africa and international policy circles to increase food productivity, build smallholder farmers' …

This study examines the impact of gender differences on maize productivity in Dawuro Zone,
southern Ethiopia. Our study addressed the limitations of the previous studies in two ways …

Climate variability and change is a major source of risk to smallholder farmers in Africa.
Climate related risks are linked to low productivity, food insecurity and poverty. However, the …

Climate smart agriculture (CSA) technologies and practices are important for achieving soil
moisture conservation, erosion reduction, soil fertility enhancement, increasing and …

Rice is one of the major staple foods in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and is mainly grown in
three environments: rainfed upland and rainfed and irrigated lowlands. In all rice-growing …

There is wide agreement that a nexus or integrated approach to managing and governing
natural resources such as land, water, and energy can improve environmental, climate …