Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus are closely linked. Several studies have
documented the increased prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus …

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by decreased mass and compromised
bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fractures. Although idiopathic …

Background: A number of recent advances in our understanding of thyroid physiology may
shed light on why some patients feel unwell while taking levothyroxine monotherapy. The …

Thyroid hormones are essential for skeletal development and are important regulators of
bone maintenance in adults. Childhood hypothyroidism causes delayed skeletal …

The management of primary hypothyroidism with levothyroxine (L‐T4) is simple, effective
and safe, and most patients report improved well‐being on initiation of treatment. However …

Cancer remains a significant risk to human health. Nanomedicine is a new multidisciplinary
field that is garnering a lot of interest and investigation. Nanomedicine shows great potential …

Levothyroxine, a largely prescribed drug with a narrow therapeutic index, is often a lifelong
treatment. The therapeutic efficacy of T4 may be marred by behavioral, pharmacologic, and …

The purpose of this article will be to review the basics of thyroid hormone therapy, including
various thyroid hormone formulations, the institution and monitoring of thyroid hormone …

Importance Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States.
Synthetic thyroid hormones are among the 3 most commonly prescribed medications, yet …

Background: Establishing the reference interval for thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4)
is clinically important because a number of disease states have been linked to alterations in …