On the basis of a generic mixed-signal system the scaling difficulties of analog and mixed-
signal circuits based on a signal representation in the voltage domain are discussed for …

This paper is a review of methods and techniques used for precise measurement of time
intervals (TIs) or precise conversion of TIs to digital data. The following methods are …

A high-resolution time-to-digital converter (TDC) implemented in a general purpose field-
programmable-gate-array (FPGA) is presented. Dedicated carry lines of an FPGA are used …

A high-precision CMOS time-to-digital converter IC has been designed. Time interval
measurement is based on a counter and two-level interpolation realized with stabilized …

This paper describes a time-to-digital converter (TDC) with~ 1.2 ps resolution and~ 327 mus
dynamic range suitable for laser range-finding application for example. The resolution of …

A multichannel time-to-digital converter (TDC) implemented with 0.35-μm complementary
metal-oxide-semiconductor technology that uses a low-frequency crystal as reference and …

We present the design, operation and test results of a time counter that has an equivalent
resolution of 2.9 ps, a measurement uncertainty at the level of 6 ps, and a measurement …

We present the design and test results of a new time-to-digital converter based on the cyclic
pulse shrinking method and implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) …

Accurate time-to-digital conversion is typically based on determining the positions of the
timing signals within the period of an accurate clock with digital delay-line interpolators. In …

Time-mode circuits, where information is represented by time difference between digital
events, offer a viable and technology-friendly means to realize mixed-mode circuits and …