Abstract The SARS-CoV-2-caused COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a devastating threat
to human society in terms of health, economy, and lifestyle. Although the virus usually first …

This review summarizes research discoveries within 4 areas of exercise immunology that
have received the most attention from investigators:(1) acute and chronic effects of exercise …

Background COVID-19 is a droplet-transmitted potentially fatal coronavirus pandemic
affecting the world in 2020. The WHO recommended social distancing and human-to-human …

Epidemiological evidence indicates that regular physical activity and/or frequent structured
exercise reduces the incidence of many chronic diseases in older age, including …

There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the positive effects of exercise on mood
states such as anxiety, stress and depression, through physiological and biochemical …

The natural history of COVID‐19 caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 is extremely variable, ranging
from asymptomatic or mild infection, mainly in children, to multi‐organ failure, eventually …

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a fast spreading
virus leading to the development of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Severe and …

The modern-day athlete participating in elite sports is exposed to high training loads and
increasingly saturated competition calendar. Emerging evidence indicates that inappropriate …

Chronic diseases are major killers in the modern era. Physical inactivity is a primary cause
of most chronic diseases. The initial third of the article considers: activity and prevention …

Background The physiological and biochemical demands of intense exercise elicit both
muscle-based and systemic responses. The main adaptations to endurance exercise …