Electromagnetic measurements have demonstrated that the lower continental crust has
remarkable electrical anomalies of high conductivity and electrical anisotropy on a global …

Fluid pressure in the crust may be controlled by different mechanisms according to depth,
temperature, and the mineralogy of the host rocks. Where rocks are fluid‐saturated, fluid …

Minute amounts of free fluids contained along grain boundaries or in fluid inclusions in the
rocks of the lower continental crust, mostly remain trapped until dislodged by thermally …

ALTHOUGH ant-plant mutualisms have been described in many ecosystems, the magnitude
of the direct benefits from such relationships are hard to quantify. In Bako National Park …

The electrical conductivities of lower crustal orthopyroxene and plagioclase, as well as their
dependence on water content, were measured at 6–12 kbar and 300–1,000° C on both …

The electrical conductivity of lower crustal clinopyroxene was measured at 6–12 kbar, 250–
1000° C, and Ni‐NiO buffer conditions. The dependence of electrical conductivity on water …

Magnetotelluric measurements show the lower continental crust to be electrically conductive
globally, typically 100–1000 times more conductive than dry rocks measured in the …

Free aqueous fluids in the deep (ductile) crust have residence times there which are very
short in geological terms. If not consumed by retrograde metamorphic reactions, they empty …

THE extent to which the mantle participated in the growth and stabilization of ancient cratons
is central to our understanding of the evolution of the continents1. The detection of seismic …

SURFACE electromagnetic measurements commonly reveal that the intermediate and lower
continental crust has an appreciable electrical conductivity, much higher than that found for …