The past decade has seen a remarkable surge in structural characterization of ATP binding
cassette (ABC) transporters, which have spurred a more focused functional analysis of these …

In antigen‐presenting cells (APCs), loading of major histocompatibility complex class II
(MHC II) molecules with peptides is regulated by invariant chain (Ii), which blocks MHC II …

Celiac Sprue, a widely prevalent autoimmune disease of the small intestine, is induced in
genetically susceptible individuals by exposure to dietary gluten. A 33-mer peptide was …

T cell priming to exogenous antigens reflects regulated antigen processing in dendritic cells,
subsequent homing to lymph nodes, sustained interactions between T cells and antigen …

Immobilized single horseradish peroxidase enzymes were observed by confocal
fluorescence spectroscopy during catalysis of the oxidation reaction of the nonfluorescent …

The interaction of antigen-presenting cells with free peptides or a denatured protein can give
rise to peptide–MHC class II complexes that are distinct from those generated after the …

Background CD4+ T-cell epitopes play a crucial role in eliciting vigorous protective immune
responses during peptide (epitope)-based vaccination. The prediction of these epitopes …

The activation of helper T cells by peptides bound to proteins of the class II Major
Histocompatibility Complex (MHC II) is pivotal to the initiation of an immune response. The …

The ability to track CD4 T cells elicited in response to pathogen infection or vaccination is
critical because of the role these cells play in protective immunity. Coupled with advances in …

The mechanism by which the peptide exchange factor HLA-DM catalyzes peptide loading
onto structurally homologous class II MHC proteins is an outstanding problem in antigen …