Patients with diabetes mellitus have> 2× the risk for developing heart failure (HF; HF with
reduced ejection fraction and HF with preserved ejection fraction). Cardiovascular …

There is a close relationship between diabetes mellitus and heart failure, and diabetes is an
independent risk factor for heart failure. Diabetes and heart failure are linked by not only the …

Rationale: The diabetes mellitus drug metformin is under investigation in cardiovascular
disease, but the molecular mechanisms underlying possible benefits are poorly understood …

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the leading causes of heart failure in patients with
diabetes mellitus, with limited effective treatments. The cardioprotective effects of sodium …

Metformin is currently the first-line drug treatment for type 2 diabetes. Besides its glucose-
lowering effect, there is interest in actions of the drug of potential relevance to cardiovascular …

Elevated levels of diastolic BP and especially systolic BP (SBP) are major risk factors for the
development of HF. 18, 19 One of the most impactful observations from the Framingham …

The onset of heart failure is typically preceded by cardiac hypertrophy, a response of the
heart to increased workload, a cardiac insult such as a heart attack or genetic mutation …

The heart has a high rate of ATP production and turnover that is required to maintain its
continuous mechanical work. Perturbations in ATP-generating processes may therefore …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide epidemic, which by all predictions will only
increase. To help in combating the devastating array of phenotypes associated with T2DM a …

Considerable efforts have been made since the 1950s to better understand the cellular and
molecular mechanisms of action of metformin, a potent antihyperglycaemic agent now …