Simple Summary There is an ongoing debate on the ethics of keeping animals in captivity
and particularly as to whether freedom matters to their welfare. Freedom is a continuum, and …

Animal welfare is a growing public concern that has the potential to undermine the social
license of zoos and aquariums. The lack of consensus on how animal welfare is defined …

Historically, behaviour of zoo housed species during hours of limited staff and visitor
presence has been poorly studied, largely due to the lack of appropriate technology …

Swimming is an important behavior for all penguin species. However, zoo-housed penguins
typically do not swim as often as their wild counterparts, which may have consequences for …

Stereotypies are abnormal behaviors found in a wide range of animals that have been used
as indicators of poor welfare. Elephants used in tourism have been reported to perform …

Generalized zero-shot learning (GZSL) is an important research area in image computing,
video processing, multimedia understanding, and other visual computing tasks. GZSL …

Salivary cortisol assay is an effective method to quantify free cortisol levels, track diurnal
patterns and measure acute hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal activation in response to acute …

Wild bull Asian elephants spend time in all-male groups. Therefore, managers of ex situ
populations increasingly house bulls together. We examined the social interactions of five …

The biological and ecological similarities of elephants and ungulates (odd-and even-toed
hoofed mammals) mean that many of the challenges experienced with captive husbandry …

Ethical concerns surrounding the existence of zoos have recently come to the fore. Some
argue for the complete phasing-out of zoos, citing concerns about the limitations they …