Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected
cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and …

Neural recording electrode technologies have contributed considerably to neuroscience by
enabling the extracellular detection of low-frequency local field potential oscillations and …

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) development is closely related to physics. In this paper, we
review the physical principles of BCIs, and underlying novel approaches for registration …

In the mammalian nervous system, billions of neurons connected by quadrillions of
synapses exchange electrical, chemical and mechanical signals. Disruptions to this network …

Bidirectional interfacing with the nervous system enables neuroscience research, diagnosis,
and therapy. This two-way communication allows us to monitor the state of the brain and its …

Electronic devices are evolving from rigid devices into flexible and stretchable structures,
enabling a seamless integration of electronics into our everyday lives. The integration of a …

Brain function depends on simultaneous electrical, chemical and mechanical signaling at
the cellular level. This multiplicity has confounded efforts to simultaneously measure or …

The mammalian basal forebrain (BF) has important roles in controlling sleep and
wakefulness, but the underlying neural circuit remains poorly understood. We examined the …

We describe an all-optical strategy for simultaneously manipulating and recording the
activity of multiple neurons with cellular resolution in vivo. We performed simultaneous two …

Optogenetic interrogation of neural pathways relies on delivery of light-sensitive opsins into
tissue and subsequent optical illumination and electrical recording from the regions of …