The proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 are the downstream
components of a phosphorelay pathway that conveys growth and mitogenic signals largely …

Activin/Nodal growth factors control a broad range of biological processes, including early
cell fate decisions, organogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis. Here, we provide an …

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst.
Despite sharing the common property of pluripotency, hESCs are notably distinct from …

The RAS isoforms are frequently mutated in many types of human cancers, including
PAX3/PAX7 fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatric RMS arises from skeletal muscle …

Erk1/2 activation contributes to mouse ES cell pluripotency. We found a direct role of Erk1/2
in modulating chromatin features required for regulated developmental gene expression …

Inhibition of Mek/Erk signaling by pharmacological Mek inhibitors promotes self-renewal and
pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Intriguingly, Erk signaling is essential …

Polycomb group proteins regulate self-renewal and differentiation in many stem cell
systems. When assembled into two canonical complexes, PRC1 and PRC2, they …

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by a highly unstable genome, with aneuploidy
observed in nearly all patients. The mechanism causing this karyotypic instability is largely …

The RAS-ERK pathway is a fundamental signaling cascade crucial for many biological
processes including proliferation, cell cycle control, growth, and survival; common across all …

Glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSC) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that display stem-
like characteristics (stemness) and play unique roles in tumor propagation, therapeutic …