The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most essential protection mechanisms in the
central nervous system (CNS). It selectively allows individual molecules such as small lipid …

The term cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) describes a range of neuroimaging,
pathological, and associated clinical features. Clinical features range from none, to discrete …

About a 100 years ago, the Drosophila white mutant marked the birth of Drosophila genetics.
The white gene turned out to encode the first well studied ABC transporter in arthropods …

The common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a well studied and highly tractable genetic
model organism for understanding molecular mechanisms of human diseases. Many basic …

Endogenous circadian rhythms are thought to modulate responses to external factors, but
mechanisms that confer time-of-day differences in organismal responses to environmental …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an evolutionarily conserved, structural, and functional
separation between circulating blood and the central nervous system (CNS). By controlling …

Feelings are conscious mental events that represent body states as they undergo
homeostatic regulation. Feelings depend on the interoceptive nervous system (INS), a …

Glial cells constitute without any dispute an essential element in providing an efficiently
operating nervous system. Work in many labs over the last decades has demonstrated that …

Edema formation frequently complicates brain infarction, tumors, and trauma. Despite the
significant mortality of this condition, current treatment options are often ineffective or …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, a large class of transmembrane proteins, are
widely found in organisms and play an important role in the transport of xenobiotics. Insect …