During the past recent years, various therapies emerged in the era of breast cancer. Breast
cancer is a heterogeneous disease in which genetic and environmental factors are involved …

Ongoing research has revealed that the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is one of the
biggest obstacles in the current cancer therapy. CSCs make an influential function in tumor …

Mitochondria are not only the main energy supplier but are also the cell metabolic center
regulating multiple key metaborates that play pivotal roles in epigenetics regulation. These …

Tumor heterogeneity represents an ongoing challenge in the field of cancer therapy.
Heterogeneity is evident between cancers from different patients (inter-tumor heterogeneity) …

Drug resistance represents one of the greatest challenges in cancer treatment. Cancer stem
cells (CSCs), a subset of cells within the tumor with the potential for self-renewal …

Recent findings suggest that the cellular and extracellular materials surrounding the
cancerous cells from an atypical tumor microenvironment (TM) play a pivotal role in the …

Radiation therapy is one of the major tools of cancer treatment, and is widely used for a
variety of malignant tumours. Radiotherapy causes DNA damage directly by ionization or …

Compelling evidence have demonstrated that bulk tumors can arise from a unique subset of
cells commonly termed “cancer stem cells” that has been proposed to be a strong driving …

DNA methylation is a reversible process catalyzed by the ten–eleven translocation (TET)
family of enzymes (TET1, TET2, TET3) that convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5 …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor characterized by a heterogeneous
population of genetically unstable and highly infiltrative cells that are resistant to …