An estimated 84,000 incarcerated individuals face solitary confinement in the United States
criminal justice system. Solitary confinement is seen as a cruel punishment, with lasting …

Prior work on extended restrictive housing (ERH) has focused primarily on incarcerated
persons rather than on potential impacts of this housing on personnel. Drawing on …

This article assesses the ability of the adaptation theories of deprivation and importation to
explain loyalty to the “inmate” code in a jail setting. The code emphasizes shared values …

Background: Stress among prison inmates is a neglected psychological health issue, but
this phenomenon seems worse in Ghana's prisons. This study examined the stress levels …

Drawing on prior theory and research, this study develops and tests hypotheses about the
potential for work in extended restrictive housing (ERH), which entails solitary confinement …

Since the 1960s, inmate litigation has continually evolved by challenging conditions of
confinement, lack of due process, and treatment by correctional administrators. One such …

Abstract Solitary confinement in United States prisons is a common practice influenced by
legal and human rights discussions. Physical conditions of the prison environment can …

Offenders with severe mental illness (SMI) found a place within the criminal justice system
(CJS) with its most crucial objectives including the reduction of recidivism among discharged …

Supermaximum security housing-or" supermax"-is a staple of American prison systems.
Despite this, limited research exists that evaluates the utilization of supermax and the …

Beginning in the 1970s, an ideological, political, and legal shift toward more punitive
policies to address crime occurred. The punitive turn can also be seen inside of prisons, and …