Parasites threaten all free-living organisms, including molluscs. Understanding the evolution
of immune defence traits in natural host populations is crucial for predicting their long-term …

Blood oxygen-carrying capacity is one of the important determinants of the amount of
oxygen supplied to the tissue per unit time and plays a key role in oxidative metabolism. In …

Despite classical expectations of a trade-off between immune activity and reproduction, an
emergent view suggests that individuals experiencing activation of their immune system …

Much of our knowledge of the drivers of immune variation, and how these responses vary
over time, comes from humans, domesticated livestock or laboratory organisms. While the …

In most taxa with altricial young, offspring solicit food from their parents using a combination
of visual and acoustic stimuli, but exactly what these young are communicating, and how …

Females in a variety of taxa adjust offspring sex ratios to prevailing ecological conditions.
However, little is known about whether conditions experienced during a female's early …

The environment experienced during development, and its impact on intrinsic condition, can
have lasting outcomes for individual phenotypes and could contribute to variation in adult …

Carry-over effects in migratory birds are likely mediated by physiological processes that are
activated in response to environmental variation. Such processes affect body condition …

Despite keen interest in extra-pair mating in birds, its adaptive significance remains
unresolved. Here, we use a multi-year dataset to test whether traits of a female's social mate …

Maternally derived corticosterone in the egg and corticosterone produced endogenously by
altricial nestling birds play essential roles during development. Although persistently high …