This article explains the rise of palm oil as a global commodity during the twentieth century
as the result of cooperation and competition between two different clusters in former colonial …

Swiss capitalism has changed over time, adopting elements of the coordinated market
economy and liberal market economy during specific historical periods. Taking the case of …

In the early eighteenth century, two Basque brothers of the Spanish Zangroniz family
established a trading house in the Cuban capital. Through the expansion and diversification …

London's preeminence as a foreign exchange trading center is of recent vintage. Before
World War I, there was little demand for foreign currencies by British banks, firms and …

This article examines mechanisation during the period of export-led growth in Chilean
agriculture, c. 1850–90. According to conventional wisdom, since labour was cheap …

During the period spanning independence in 1822 to mid‐century, Brazil's south‐east
shifted from specializing in the export of cane sugar to coffee. This article explores the …

This article discusses the relational and rhetorical foundations of more than 300 first letters
sent in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries by merchant or banking houses based …

London merchant bankers emerged during the 1820s in the wake of financial turmoil caused
by the wars of American Independence, the Napoleonic campaigns and the Anglo-American …

Immigrant entrepreneurs are different, and they are everywhere. They can be
unambiguously distinguished from entrepreneurs without a migration background. They …

The pivotal role played by non-banking institutions in supporting the expansion of
international trade after the Napoleonic Wars and before first globalization c. 1870-1913 has …