Biofilm is complex and consists of bacterial colonies that reside in an exopolysaccharide
matrix that attaches to foreign surfaces in a living organism. Biofilm frequently leads to …

The assembly of microorganisms over a surface and their ability to develop resistance
against available antibiotics are major concerns of interest. To survive against harsh …

Biofilms are aggregates of bacteria, in most cases, which are resistant usually to broad-
spectrum antibiotics in their typical concentrations or even in higher doses. A trend of …

Nearly all bacteria form biofilms as a strategy for survival and persistence. Biofilms are
associated with biotic and abiotic surfaces and are composed of aggregates of cells that are …

Nearly 80% of human chronic infections are caused due to bacterial biofilm formation. This
is the most leading cause for failure of medical implants resulting in high morbidity and …

Biofilm formation by human bacterial pathogens on implanted medical devices causes major
morbidity and mortality among patients, and leads to billions of dollars in healthcare cost …

Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa have become a concerning threat in hospital-
acquired infections and for cystic fibrosis patients. The major problem leading to high …

In the biofilm form, bacteria are more resistant to various antimicrobial treatments. Bacteria in
a biofilm can also survive harsh conditions and withstand the host's immune system …

Biofilm formation significantly contributes to microbial survival in hostile environments and it
is currently considered a key virulence factor for pathogens responsible for serious chronic …

Bacterial biofilms are defined as a surface attached community of bacteria embedded in a
matrix of extracellular polymeric substances that they have produced. When in the biofilm …