Being born small lays the foundation for short-term and long-term implications for life.
Intrauterine or fetal growth restriction describes the pregnancy complication of pathological …

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a condition that occurs due to various reasons, is an
important cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It has been defined as a rate of …

The “Barker hypothesis” postulates that a number of organ structures and associated
functions undergo programming during embryonic and fetal life, which determines the set …

Extensive experimental animal studies and epidemiological observations have shown that
environmental influences during early development affect the risk of later pathophysiological …

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a major and silent cause of various morbidity and
mortality for the fetal and neonatal population. It is defined as a rate of fetal growth that is …

Adipose tissue plays a central role in regulating whole-body energy and glucose
homeostasis through its subtle functions at both organ and systemic levels. On one hand …

Plasticity in developmental programming has evolved in order to provide the best chances of
survival and reproductive success to the organism under changing environments …

Prenatal stress (PS) has been linked to abnormal cognitive, behavioral and psychosocial
outcomes in both animals and humans. Animal studies have clearly demonstrated PS effects …

Accumulating evidence suggests that insults occurring during the perinatal period alter the
developmental trajectory of the fetus/offspring leading to long-term detrimental outcomes …

Background Adequate transplacental passage of maternal thyroid hormone is important for
normal fetal growth and development. Maternal overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism …