Despite the declining overall rate of cigarette smoking in the general population in the
United States, the prevalence of smoking is estimated to be as high as 80% among …

Since the serendipitous discovery of the first class of modern antidepressants in the 1950's,
all pharmacotherapies approved by the Food and Drug Administration for major depressive …

Considered the most comprehensive handbook in the field, this rich resource reviews the
biological, psychological, and social factors that affect health, health behavior, and illness …

Objective Flavored e-cigarette use has risen rapidly, especially among young adults who
also smoke cigarettes. We sought to determine whether flavoring enhances the subjective …

The mu1 opioid receptor gene, OPRM1, has long been a high-priority candidate for human
genetic studies of addiction. Because of its potential functional significance, the non …

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1
A118G) has been widely studied for its association in a variety of drug addiction and pain …

Drug abuse and dependence are multifaceted disorders with complex genetic
underpinnings. Identifying specific genetic correlates is challenging and may be more …

Background The reinforcing properties of nicotine may be mediated through release of
various neurotransmitters both centrally and systemically. People who smoke report positive …

Pharmacogenetic research has the potential to explain the variation in treatment efficacy
within patient populations. Understanding the interaction between genetic variation and …

Nicotine is the primary component of tobacco that maintains the smoking habit and develops
addiction. The adaptive changes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors produced by repeated …