Plants encounter various abiotic stresses due to their sessile nature which include heavy
metals, salt, drought, nutrient deficiency, light intensity, pesticide contamination, as well as …

Abstract Reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions, in which electrons move from a donor to an
acceptor, are the functional heart of photosynthesis. It is not surprising therefore that reactive …

Increased temperatures caused by global warming threaten agricultural production, as
warmer conditions can inhibit plant growth and development or even destroy crops in …

Capturing and converting solar energy into fuels and feedstocks is a global challenge that
spans numerous disciplines and fields of research. Billions of years of evolution have …

The rising concentration of global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has severely affected
our planet's homeostasis. Efforts are being made worldwide to curb carbon dioxide …

Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is one of the most powerful and widely used techniques to
study the effect of stresses on the photosynthetic process. From the first utilization, the F v/F …

The free radicals along with several reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen
species (RNS) are known to play a dual role in the biological living system which carries a …

Light is essential for photosynthesis. Nevertheless, its intensity widely changes depending
on time of day, weather, season, and localization of individual leaves within canopies. This …

Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical water splitting offers a scalable approach to
producing hydrogen from renewable sources for sustainable energy storage. Depending on …

We review the mechanism underlying nonphotochemical chlorophyll fluorescence
quenching (NPQ) and its role in protecting plants against photoinhibition. This review …