In this work absolute values of gravity wave (GW) momentum flux are derived from global
temperature measurements by the satellite instruments High Resolution Dynamics Limb …

One of the most important dynamical processes in the tropical stratosphere is the quasi‐
biennial oscillation (QBO) of the zonal wind. Still, the QBO is not well represented in weather …

Atmospheric gravity waves contribute significantly to the driving of the global atmospheric
circulation. Because of their small spatial scales, their effect on the circulation is usually …

Gravity waves (GW) carry energy and momentum from the troposphere to the middle
atmosphere and have a strong influence on the circulation there. Global atmospheric …

In the recent decade it became evident that we need to revise our picture of how gravity
waves (GWs) reach the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). This has …

It is known that atmospheric dynamics in the tropical stratosphere have an influence on
higher altitudes and latitudes as well as on surface weather and climate. In the tropics, the …

To better understand the impact of gravity waves (GWs) on the middle atmosphere in the
current and future climate, it is essential to understand their excitation mechanisms and to …

Infrared limb sounding from aircraft can provide 2-D curtains of multiple trace gas species.
However, conventional limb sounders view perpendicular to the aircraft axis and are unable …

Global three-dimensional data are a key to understanding gravity waves in the mesosphere
and lower thermosphere. MATS (Mesospheric Airglow/Aerosol Tomography and …

This paper describes a comprehensive observational filter for satellite infrared limb
sounding of gravity waves. The filter considers instrument visibility and observation …