Kaposi sarcoma (KS) gained public attention as an AIDS-defining malignancy; its
appearance on the skin was a highly stigmatizing sign of HIV infection during the height of …

Autophagy is a powerful tool that host cells use to defend against viral infection. Double-
membrane vesicles, termed autophagosomes, deliver trapped viral cargo to the lysosome …

Apoptosis is a highly-regulated, active process of cell death involved in development,
homeostasis and aging. Dysregulation of apoptosis leads to pathological states, such as …

Cell death is an essential biological process for physiological growth and development.
Three classical forms of cell death—apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis—display distinct …

Autophagy is a fundamental eukaryotic pathway that has multiple effects on immunity.
Autophagy is induced by pattern recognition receptors and, through autophagic adaptors, it …

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes 85% of all lung cancers, and is the leading
cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The poor prognosis and resistance to both …

It is controversial whether cells truly die via autophagy or whether—in dying cells—
autophagy is merely an innocent bystander or a well-intentioned 'Good Samaritan'trying to …

Apoptosis and necrosis are the two major modes of cell death, the molecular mechanisms of
which have been extensively studied. Although initially thought to constitute mutually …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

Genetic inhibition of autophagy induces degenerative changes in mammalian tissues that
resemble those associated with aging, and normal and pathological aging are often …