The storage of information in the mammalian nervous systems is dependent on a delicate
balance between change and stability of neuronal networks. The induction and …

Paradigms of sleep deprivation (SD) and memory testing in rodents (laboratory rats and
mice) are here reviewed. The vast majority of these studies have been aimed at …

Sleep, in particular REM sleep, has been shown to improve the consolidation of emotional
memories. Here, we investigated the role of sleep and sleep deprivation on the …

The Pavlovian conditioned freezing paradigm has become a prominent mouse and rat
model of learning and memory, as well as of pathological fear. Due to its efficiency …

Odor perception is hypothesized to be an experience-dependent process involving the
encoding of odor objects by distributed olfactory cortical ensembles. Olfactory cortical …

Learning-activated engram neurons play a critical role in memory recall. An untested
hypothesis is that these same neurons play an instructive role in offline memory …

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Background Sleep plays an active role in memory consolidation. Sleep structure (REM/Slow
wave activity [SWS]) can be modified after learning, and in some cortical circuits, sleep is …

Abstract Study Objectives: Insufficient sleep in individuals appears increasingly common
due to the demands of modern work schedules and technology use. Consequently, there is …

The function of sleep in physiology, behaviour and cognition has become a primary focus of
neuroscience. Its study inevitably includes experimental sleep deprivation designs …