RNA: DNA hybrid structures known as R loops were thought to be rare byproducts of
transcription. In the last decade, however, accumulating evidence has pointed to a new view …

Mitochondrial dysfunction is heavily implicated in the multifactorial aging process. Aging
humans have increased levels of somatic mtDNA mutations that tend to undergo clonal …

In prokaryotes, translation can occur on mRNA that is being transcribed in a process called
coupling. How the ribosome affects the RNA polymerase (RNAP) during coupling is not well …

Tight coupling of transcription and translation is considered a defining feature of bacterial
gene expression,. The pioneering ribosome can both physically associate and kinetically …

Protein levels have been shown to vary substantially between individual cells in clonal
populations. In prokaryotes, the contribution to such fluctuations from the inherent …

Accurate DNA replication and DNA repair are crucial for the maintenance of genome
stability, and it is generally accepted that failure of these processes is a major source of DNA …

The genome of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is among the smallest found in self-replicating
organisms. To study the basic principles of bacterial proteome organization, we used …

Metabolism is central to cell physiology, and metabolic disturbances play a role in numerous
disease states. Despite its importance, the ability to study metabolism at a global scale using …

Alterations in genome sequence and structure contribute to somatic disease, affect the
fitness of subsequent generations and drive evolutionary processes. The crucial roles of …

The central dogma processes of DNA replication, transcription, and translation are
responsible for the maintenance and expression of every gene in an organism. An …