Varroa destructor is the most important ectoparasite of Apis mellifera. This review addresses
the interactions between the varroa mite, its environment, and the honey bee host, mediated …

Recent studies of animal personality have focused on its proximate causation and its
ecological and evolutionary significance, but have mostly ignored questions about its …

Social insect colonies have evolved many collectively performed adaptations that reduce the
impact of infectious disease and that are expected to maximize their fitness. This colony …

Insects are a highly successful group of animals that inhabit almost every habitat and
environment on Earth. Part of their success is due to a rapid and highly effective immune …

Honey bees are attacked by numerous parasites and pathogens toward which they present
a variety of individual and group-level defenses. In this review, we briefly introduce the many …

A variety of methods are used in honey bee research and differ depending on the level at
which the research is conducted. On an individual level, the handling of individual honey …

The environment plays an important role in disease dynamics and in determining the health
of individuals. Specifically, the built environment has a large impact on the prevention and …

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are constantly dealing with threats from pathogens, pests,
pesticides and poor nutrition. It is critically important to understand how honey bees' natural …

Due to the omnipresent risk of epidemics, insect societies have evolved sophisticated
disease defences at the individual and colony level. An intriguing yet little understood …

Evidence for global bee population declines has catalyzed a rapidly evolving area of
research that aims to identify the causal factors and to effectively assess the status of …