Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are uniformly distributed in the mammalian brain;
however, their function is rather heterogeneous in respect to their origin, location …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation,
neuronal degeneration and demyelinating lesions within the central nervous system. The …

Enkephalins, a subclass of endogenous opioid peptides, play a pivotal role in pain
modulation. Enkephalins primarily exert their effects through opioid receptors located widely …

Abstract Changes in sphingolipid metabolism regulate and/or alter many cellular functions in
the brain. Ceramide, a central molecule of sphingolipid metabolism, is phosphorylated to …

Background Electroacupuncture (EA) is given to assist in the treatment of MS, which is an
effective therapeutic method. However, the therapy mechanism of EA related to stem cells in …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that
primarily affects women during the second or third decade of life. The mechanism is …

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, progressive demyelinating disorder specific to the
central nervous system initially described in 1868 by Jean-Martin Charcot. Initial accounts of …