Bidirectional crosstalk along the gut-liver axis controls gastrointestinal health and disease
and exploits environmental and host mediators. Nutrients, microbial antigens, metabolites …

The human body is full of an extensive number of commensal microbes, consisting of
bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively termed the human microbiome. The initial …

The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged
foods, refined grains, red meat, processed meat, high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried …

The human gut possesses millions of microbes that define a complex microbial community.
The gut microbiota has been characterized as a vital organ forming its multidirectional …

The interplay between diet, the gut microbiome, and host health is complex. Diets
associated with health have many similarities: high fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, and …

The gut microbiota contributes to host physiology through the production of a myriad of
metabolites. These metabolites exert their effects within the host as signalling molecules and …

The human gut microbiome is a huge microbial community that plays an irreplaceable role
in human life. With the further development of research, the influence of intestinal flora on …

The gut microbiota is responsible for recovering energy from food, providing hosts with
vitamins, and providing a barrier function against exogenous pathogens. In addition, it is …

Obesity is caused by a long-term difference between energy intake and expenditure—an
imbalance that is seemingly easily restored by increasing exercise and reducing caloric …

I. INTRODUCTION 1877 II. STUDYING THE... 1881 III. MICROBIOTA-GUT-BRAIN AXIS...
1907 IV. PATHWAYS OF COMMUNICATION 1911 V. MICROBIOTA AND SYNAPTIC... 1929 …