A substrate does not have to be solid to compute. It is possible to make a computer purely
from a liquid. I demonstrate this using a variety of experimental prototypes where a liquid …

The design challenge for soft body robotics is the creation of modular, complex, self-
repairing, functional constructs. This long-range vision requires moving beyond the synthetic …

We present a benchmark study of autonomous, chemical agents exhibiting associative
learning of an environmental feature. Associative learning systems have been widely …

The field of basal cognition seeks to understand how adaptive, context-specific behavior
occurs in non-neural biological systems. Embryogenesis and regeneration require plasticity …

Chemical reactions are responsible for information processing in living organisms. It is
believed that the basic features of biological computing activity are reflected by a reaction …

We report a microfluidic system for individually tailored generation and incubation of core–
shell liquid structures with multiple cores that chemically communicate with each other via …

Excitable media, ranging from bioelectric tissues and chemical oscillators to forest fires and
competing populations, are nonlinear, spatially extended systems capable of spiking. Most …

The information storing potential of droplets, in which an oscillatory, photosensitive Belousov–
Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction proceeds, is investigated experimentally. We consider coupled …

Background: A kombucha is a sugared tea fermented by a symbiotic community of over 20
species of bacteria and yeasts. The community produces and inhabits cellulosic gelatinous …

We discuss chemical information processing considering dataset classifiers formed with a
network of interacting droplets. Our arguments are based on computer simulations of …