The properties of the human Y chromosome–namely, male specificity, haploidy and escape
from crossing over—make it an unusual component of the genome, and have led to its …

INTRODUCTION According to the commonly accepted “steppe hypothesis,” the initial
spread of Indo-European (IE) languages into both Europe and Asia took place with …

High throughput sequencing methods have completely transformed the study of human Y
chromosome variation by offering a genome-scale view on genetic variation retrieved from …

While the series of events that shaped the transition between foraging societies and food
producers are well described for Central and Southern Europe, genetic evidence from …

Summary Huns, Avars, and conquering Hungarians were migration-period nomadic tribal
confederations that arrived in three successive waves in the Carpathian Basin between the …

Summary The Avars settled the Carpathian Basin in 567/68 CE, establishing an empire
lasting over 200 years. Who they were and where they came from is highly debated …

European population history has been shaped by migrations of people, and their
subsequent admixture. Recently, ancient DNA has brought new insights into European …

Background The genetic origins of Uralic speakers from across a vast territory in the
temperate zone of North Eurasia have remained elusive. Previous studies have shown …

The transition from hunting and gathering to farming in Europe was brought upon by arrival
of new people carrying novel material culture and genetic ancestry. The exact nature and …

The Americas were the last inhabitable continents to be occupied by humans, with a
growing multidisciplinary consensus for entry 15–25 thousand years ago (kya) from …