A decade ago, we hypothesized that drug addiction can be viewed as a transition from
voluntary, recreational drug use to compulsive drug-seeking habits, neurally underpinned by …

Background Cigarette smoking has been linked with both increased and decreased risk for
Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is relevant for the US military because the prevalence of …

Addiction to drugs is a major contemporary public health issue, characterized by
maladaptive behavior to obtain and consume an increasing amount of drugs at the expense …

Schizophrenia has historically been considered to be a deteriorating disease, a view
reinforced by recent MRI findings of progressive brain tissue loss over the early years of …

Placental dysfunction leading to fetal growth restriction (FGR) is an important risk factor for
neurodevelopmental delay. Recent observations clarify that FGR evolves prenatally from a …

A principal feature of drug addiction is a reduced ability to regulate control over the desire to
procure drugs regardless of the risks involved. Traditional models implicated the neural …

We review drug addiction from the perspective of the hypothesis that drugs of abuse interact
with distinct brain memory systems. We focus on emotional and procedural forms of memory …

Cigarette smoking is associated with cognitive decline and dementia, but the extent of the
association between smoking and structural brain changes remains unclear. Importantly, it is …

Background Although cigarette smokers are at increased risk of developing multiple
sclerosis (MS), the effect of smoking on the progression of MS remains uncertain. Objective …

Compared to the substantial volume of research on the general health consequences
associated with chronic smoking, little research has been specifically devoted to the …