The complex bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain is finely
orchestrated by different systems, including the endocrine, immune, autonomic, and enteric …

High levels of NPY expression in brain regions important for learning and memory together
with its neuromodulatory and neurotrophic effects suggest a regulatory role for NPY in …

The neuropeptide Y (NPY) system is a multireceptor/multiligand system consisting of four
receptors in humans (hY1, hY2, hY4, hY5) and three agonists (NPY, PYY, PP) that activate …

The neural circuitry of fear likely underlies anxiety and fear-related disorders such as
specific and social phobia, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The primary …

Human neuropeptide Y (hNPY) is one of the most widely expressed neurotransmitters in the
human central and peripheral nervous systems. It consists of 36 highly conserved amino …

Synaptic transmission is the communication between a presynaptic and a postsynaptic
neuron, and the subsequent processing of the signal. These processes are complex and …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), one of the most abundant neuropeptides in the body, is widely
expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and acts on the cardiovascular …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neuropeptide abundantly expressed in the mammalian central
and peripheral nervous system. NPY is a pleiotropic molecule, which influences cell …

G-protein-coupled receptors like the human Y1 receptor (hY1R) are promising targets in
cancer therapy due to their high overexpression on cancer cells and their ability to …

Abstract NPY, PYY and PP constitute the so‐called NPY hormone family, which exert its
biological functions in humans through YRs (Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5). Systematic modulation of …