Introduction: Cytokines are a diverse group of peptides produced by different cell types
including cancer cells and various subpopulations of immune system cells. They exert their …

Simple Summary Patients with advanced melanoma are often treated with v-raf murine
sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) inhibitors. Although these agents prolong life …

As widely acknowledged, 40–50% of all melanoma patients harbour an activating BRAF
mutation (mostly BRAF V600E). The identification of the RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK (MAP kinase) …

Background Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) stimulates oncogenic transcriptional
pathways in cancer and CDK9 inhibitors have emerged as promising therapeutic …

As a critical subunit of the constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN),
CSN6 is upregulated in some human cancers and plays critical roles in tumorigenesis and …

Regardless of the significant improvements in treatment of melanoma, the majority of
patients develop resistance whose mechanisms are still not completely understood. Hence …

Abstract BRAF V600E is a constitutive BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine
kinase) mutation that accounts for more than 90% of BRAF mutations in melanoma …

The ultimate goal of cancer therapy is the elimination of disease from patients. Most directly,
this occurs through therapy-induced cell death. Therapy-induced growth arrest can also be a …

The current targeted therapy for BRAF V600E-mutant lung cancer consists of a dual
blockade of RAF/MEK kinases often combining dabrafenib/trametinib (D/T). This regimen …

Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), by deacetylation of multiple substrates and association
with interacting proteins, regulates many physiological processes that are involved in cancer …