Skeletal muscle extracts glucose from the blood to maintain demand for carbohydrates as an
energy source during exercise. Such uptake involves complex molecular signalling …

Glucose is an important fuel for contracting muscle, and normal glucose metabolism is vital
for health. Glucose enters the muscle cell via facilitated diffusion through the GLUT4 glucose …

Regulated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS)
adequately balanced by antioxidant systems is a prerequisite for the participation of these …

The skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body, by mass. It is also the regulator of
glucose homeostasis, responsible for 80% of postprandial glucose uptake from the …

Redox reactions control fundamental processes of human biology. Therefore, it is safe to
assume that the responses and adaptations to exercise are, at least in part, mediated by …

The glucose transporter GLUT4 is critical for skeletal muscle glucose uptake in response to
insulin and muscle contraction/exercise. Exercise increases GLUT4 translocation to the …

Insulin has an exercise-like action to increase microvascular perfusion of skeletal muscle
and thereby enhance delivery of hormone and nutrient to the myocytes. With insulin …

The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is intimately intertwined with the vasculature. Insulin
must efficiently enter the bloodstream from pancreatic β-cells, circulate throughout the body …

Signaling via the neuronal NOS (nNOS) splice variant nNOSμ is essential for skeletal
muscle health and is commonly reduced in neuromuscular disease. nNOSμ is thought to be …

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been postulated as a super-metabolic regulator,
thought to exert numerous effects on skeletal muscle function, metabolism, and enzymatic …