The cardiovascular system ensures the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all cells, tissues,
and organs. Under extended exposure to reduced oxygen levels, cells are able to survive …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) control transcriptional responses to reduced O2 availability.
HIFs are heterodimeric proteins composed of an O2-regulated HIF-α subunit and a …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcriptional activators that function as master
regulators of oxygen homeostasis, which is disrupted in disorders affecting the circulatory …

The vascular network delivers oxygen (O2) and nutrients to all cells within the body. It is
therefore not surprising that O2 availability serves as a primary regulator of this complex …

Cardiac function is required for blood circulation and systemic oxygen delivery. However,
the heart has intrinsic oxygen demands that must be met to maintain effective contractility …

The vascular system delivers oxygen and nutrients to every cell in the vertebrate organism.
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a master regulator of hypoxic/ischaemic vascular …

Cardiac hypertrophy occurs as an adaptive response to increased workload to maintain
cardiac function. However, prolonged cardiac hypertrophy causes heart failure, and its …

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects more than 200 million adults worldwide. Patients
with lower extremity PAD have a heightened risk for cardiovascular events because of the …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) regulate the transcription of genes that mediate the
response to hypoxia. HIFs are constantly expressed and degraded under normoxia, but …

Metazoan life is dependent upon the utilization of O2 for essential metabolic processes and
oxygen homeostasis is an organizing principle for understanding metazoan evolution …