The human brain weighs approximately 2% of the body; however, it consumes about 20% of
a person's total energy intake. Cellular bioenergetics in the central nervous system involves …

Creatine metabolism is an important component of cellular energy homeostasis. Via the
creatine kinase circuit, creatine derived from our diet or synthesized endogenously provides …

Glial cells are multifunctional, non-neuronal components of the central nervous system with
diverse phenotypes that have gained much attention for their close involvement in …

Oligodendrocytes (ODCs) are myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS)
supporting neuronal survival. Oxidants and mitochondrial dysfunction have been suggested …

Recent data highlight the important roles of the gut microbiome, gut permeability, and
alterations in mitochondria functioning in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) …

It is widely thought that brain repair does not occur, but myelin regeneration provides clear
evidence to the contrary. Spontaneous remyelination may occur after injury or in multiple …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignancy dominated by the infiltration of tumor-associated
myeloid cells (TAMCs). Examination of TAMC metabolic phenotypes in mouse models and …

Importance Surveys of patients with multiple sclerosis report that most are interested in
modifying their diet and using supplements to potentially reduce the severity and symptoms …

Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory condition involving the optic nerve. Several important
typical and atypical ON variants are now recognized. Typical ON has a more favorable …

Creatine is a nitrogenous organic acid that plays a central role as an energy buffer in high
energy demanding systems, including the muscular and the central nervous system. It can …