Fibrosis is the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix, which can lead to organ
dysfunction, morbidity, and death. The disease burden caused by fibrosis is substantial, and …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are common
conditions that regularly co-exist and can act synergistically to drive adverse outcomes. The …

Background & Aims Autophagy plays a crucial role in hepatic homeostasis and its
deregulation has been associated with chronic liver disease. However, the effect of …

The initial presentation of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is hepatic steatosis. The
dysfunction of lipid metabolism within hepatocytes caused by genetic factors, diet, and …

Diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality is predominantly due to complications of the
disease that may cause debilitating conditions, such as heart and renal failure, hepatic …

Hepatocyte differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis are affected by growth factors
produced in liver. Insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 (IGF1 and IGF2) act in response to …

Hepatic fibrosis is a wound healing response to insults and as such affects the entire world
population. In industrialized countries, the main causes of liver fibrosis include alcohol …

Skeletal muscle is composed of multinucleated fibres, formed after the differentiation and
fusion of myoblast precursors. Skeletal muscle atrophy and hypertrophy refer to changes in …

Tendons are able to respond to mechanical forces by altering their structure, composition,
and mechanical properties—a process called tissue mechanical adaptation. The fact that …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) consists of the entire spectrum of fatty liver disease
in patients without significant alcohol consumption, ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver …