Bridging the gap between findings in preclinical 2D cell culture models and in vivo tissue
cultures has been challenging; the simple microenvironment of 2D monolayer culture …

The lymph node is a highly structured organ that mediates the body's adaptive immune
response to antigens and other foreign particles. Central to its function is the distinct spatial …

Experimentally accessible tools to replicate the complex biological events of in vivo organs
offer the potential to reveal mechanisms of disease and potential routes to therapy. In …

Highlights•Immune system plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis of the human
body.•Development of immune-system-on-a-chip platforms is in its infancy.•Several …

Current methods to assess the drug response of individual human cancers are often
inaccurate, costly, or slow. Functional approaches that rapidly and directly assess the …

Vaccines and immunotherapies have provided enormous improvements for public health,
but there are fundamental disconnects between where most studies are performed—in cell …

Organs-on-chip are gaining increasing attention as promising platforms for drug screening
and testing applications. However, lymph nodes-on-chip options remain limited although the …

The oxygen gradient across the intestine influences intestinal physiology and the microbial
environment of the microbiome. The microbiome releases metabolites that communicate …

In cancer, lymph nodes (LNs) coordinate tumor antigen presentation necessary for effective
antitumor immunity, both at the levels of local cellular interactions and tissue-level …

In recent years, engineering of various human tissues in microphysiologically relevant
platforms, known as organs‐on‐chips (OOCs), are explored to establish in vitro tissue …