Maintaining energy balance and reproducing are important for fitness, yet animals have
evolved mechanisms by which the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/HPI) axis …

Urbanization has the potential to induce major changes in freshwater systems. Expected
increases in human populations will likely amplify these changes and lead to the overall …

Freshwater organisms are increasingly exposed to elevated salinity in their habitats,
presenting physiological challenges to homeostasis. Amphibians are particularly vulnerable …

The glucocorticoid hormone corticosterone (CORT) has classically been used in
ecophysiological studies as a proxy for stress and energy mobilization, but rarely are CORT …

Endocrine-immune interactions are variable across species and contexts making it difficult to
discern consistent patterns. There is a paucity of data in non-model systems making these …

Adverse effects of anthropogenic changes on biodiversity might be mediated by their
impacts on the stress response of organisms. To test this hypothesis, we crossed exposure …

1. Trade-offs between the reproductive and immune systems are predicted when resources
are limited, but are difficult to measure. 2. We used ¹⁵N-labelled amino acids to directly …

Anuran larvae exhibit behavioral and morphological plasticity in response to perceived
predation risk, although response type and magnitude varies through ontogeny. Increased …

Corticosterone (CORT), a principal glucocorticoid in amphibians, is known to regulate
diverse physiological processes including growth and metamorphosis of anuran tadpoles …

Recent studies have shown that acute physiological increases in endogenous
glucocorticoid levels have immunostimulatory effects. Although post-acute stress …