Medical uses of radiation have grown very rapidly over the past decade, and, as of 2007,
medical uses represent the largest source of exposure to the US population. Most …

In the past 30 y, the numbers and types of fluoroscopically-guided (FG) procedures have
increased dramatically. The objective of the present study is to provide estimated radiation …

The measurement of quantities related to patient dose for optimisation of protection in
medical imaging with ionising radiation began more than half a century ago. Beginning in …

In the early 1990s, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) received reports of
significant radiation-induced skin injuries associated with interventional fluoroscopy (2) …

PURPOSE: To determine peak skin dose (PSD), a measure of the likelihood of radiation-
induced skin effects, for a variety of common interventional radiology and interventional …

An increasing number of medical specialists are using fluoroscopy outside imaging
departments, but there has been general neglect of radiological protection coverage of …

Purpose: To report estimated radiation doses to the eye lens of the interventionalist from
procedures performed with and without use of radiation protection measures. Materials and …

Purpose To propose initial values for patient reference levels for fluoroscopically guided
procedures in the United States. Materials and Methods This secondary analysis of data …

The majority of studies investigating the effectiveness of radiation shields focus on
procedures performed by cardiologists. These studies are, nevertheless, relevant also for …

We assess dose and image quality of a state‐of‐the‐art angiographic C‐arm system (Axiom
Artis dTA, Siemens Medical Solutions, Forchheim, Germany) for three‐dimensional neuro …