The emerging links between our gut microbiome and the central nervous system are
regarded as a paradigm shift in neuroscience with possible implications for not only …

About 8% of our genome is composed of sequences with viral origin, namely human
Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs). HERVs are relics of ancient infections that affected the …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are fundamental sensor molecules of the host innate immune
system, which detect conserved molecular signatures of a wide range of microbial …

Argonaute proteins are conserved throughout all domains of life. Recently characterized
prokaryotic Argonaute proteins (pAgos) participate in host defense by DNA interference …

Marine sponges (phylum Porifera) often contain dense and diverse microbial communities,
which can constitute up to 35% of the sponge biomass. The genome of one sponge …

The membrane-bound Toll-like receptors (TLRs) trigger innate immune responses after
recognition of a wide variety of pathogen-derived compounds. Despite the wide range of …

MDA5, a viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) receptor, shares sequence similarity and
signaling pathways with RIG-I yet plays essential functions in antiviral immunity through …

Over the last decade, there has been a flurry of research on adjuvants for vaccines, and
several novel adjuvants are now in licensed products or in late stage clinical development …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play central roles in the innate immune response by recognizing
conserved structural patterns in diverse microbial molecules. Here, we discuss ligand …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical mediators of posttranscriptional regulation via their
targeting of the imperfect antisense complementary regions of coding and non-coding …