Introduction Recently, a novel hypothesis has been proposed concerning the origin of
craniovertebral junction (CVJ) abnormalities. Commonly found in patients with these entities …

The surgical approach to lesions of the ventral craniovertebral junction (CVJ) has evolved
significantly in the last several years with the advent of endoscopic skull base surgery …

Background Chiari malformation type 1 (CM-1) is characterized by cerebellar tonsil
herniation through the foramen magnum and can be associated with additional …

Background Odontoidectomy for basilar invagination and craniovertebral junction pathology
traditionally has been performed using a transoral route. However, the endoscopic …

BACKGROUND: Abnormalities and pathologies of the craniovertebral junction as well as
space-occupying lesions of the odontoid process can result in myelopathy symptoms. A …

Background Surgery is, next to medical and radiation therapy, the mainstay therapy for
pituitary adenomas. While scientific consensus regarding the key aspects of pituitary surgery …

Background Although the single-stage posterior realignment craniovertebral junction (CVJ)
surgery could treat most of the basilar invagination (BI) and atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) …

OBJECTIVE The resection of an upwardly migrated odontoid is most widely performed via
an anterior endoscopic endonasal approach after the addition of posterior occipitocervical …

Background: Basilar invagination (BI) is a common malformation of the craniocervical region
where the odontoid process protrudes into the foramen magnum. Surgery in this region is …

Introduction Odontoid pathologies constitute a special category because they may lead to
instability. Instability is defined by abnormal spinal alignment under physiologic conditions …