Background The global rise of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and
cardiovascular disease, demands a thorough molecular understanding of the cellular …

In response to diverse stress stimuli, eukaryotic cells activate a common adaptive pathway,
termed the integrated stress response (ISR), to restore cellular homeostasis. The core event …

In mammalian cells, mitochondrial dysfunction triggers the integrated stress response, in
which the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) results in the …

Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a stress-induced transcription factor that is
frequently upregulated in cancer cells. ATF4 controls the expression of a wide range of …

The deposition of chemical modifications into RNA is a crucial regulator of temporal and
spatial gene expression programs during development. Accordingly, altered RNA …

Stress granules (SGs) are membraneless cell compartments formed in response to different
stress stimuli, wherein translation factors, mRNAs, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and other …

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is present at tens of millions of transcripts in a human cell and is the
most abundant RNA in moles among all cellular RNAs. tRNA is also the most extensively …

Although it was long thought that eukaryotic translation almost always initiates at an AUG
start codon, recent advancements in ribosome footprint mapping have revealed that non …

Background Our understanding of the pathophysiology of the COVID-19 manifestations and
evolution has improved over the past 10 months, but the reasons why evolution is more …

INTRODUCTION In response to many types of stress, eukaryotic cells initiate an adaptive
and reversible response that includes down-regulation of key cellular activities along with …