Active research is being conducted on musculoskeletal pain, and recent concepts will help
clinicians and researchers to develop better approaches:-the new pain taxonomy recently …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and osteoarthritis (OA) affecting the facet joint of the
spine are biomechanically interdependent, typically occur in tandem, and have considerable …

Hypersensitivity due to central pain mechanisms can influence recovery and lead to worse
clinical outcomes, but the ability of quantitative sensory testing (QST), an index of …

Introduction: Given our improved understanding of the role of central sensitization (CS) in
many patients with chronic pain, it seems rational to account for CS during treatment. Areas …

Studies have suggested that quantitative sensory testing (QST) might hold a predictive value
for the development of chronic postoperative pain and the response to pharmacological …

Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is a centrally processed measure of the net effect of the
descending pain pathway. This comprises both the facilitatory as well as the inhibitory effect …

Pain sensitisation plays a major role in musculoskeletal pain. However, effective treatments
are limited, and although there is growing evidence that exercise may improve pain …

Despite that it is commonly accepted that migraine is a disorder of the nervous system with a
prominent genetic basis, it is comorbid with a plethora of medical conditions. Several studies …

Central sensitisation is assumed to be one of the underlying mechanisms for chronic low
back pain. Because central sensitisation is not directly assessable in humans, the term …

Mechanism-based classification of pain has been advocated widely to aid tailoring of
interventions for individuals experiencing persistent musculoskeletal pain. Three pain …